Understanding AC Power

AC power depends on voltage, current, and power factor. It is crucial for analyzing the performance and efficiency of electrical systems. The formula for calculating AC power varies for single-phase and three-phase systems:

• Single-phase formula: P = V × I × PF
• Three-phase formula: P = √3 × V × I × PF

Power Factor (PF): This is the ratio of real power (useful power) to apparent power (total power). It ranges between 0 and 1, where 1 indicates maximum efficiency.

Applications of AC Power Calculation

• Determining electrical load requirements in homes and industries.
• Designing electrical distribution systems for efficient energy transfer.
• Monitoring energy consumption for billing and optimization.

Example Calculations

Example 1: Single-phase AC Power

Given:

• Voltage (V) = 230V
• Current (I) = 10A
• Power Factor (PF) = 0.85

Formula: P = V × I × PF

Calculation:

• P = 230 × 10 × 0.85
• P = 1955 Watts

Result: The single-phase AC power is 1955W.

Example 2: Three-phase AC Power

Given:

• Voltage (V) = 400V
• Current (I) = 15A
• Power Factor (PF) = 0.9

Formula: P = √3 × V × I × PF

Calculation:

• P = √3 × 400 × 15 × 0.9
• P ≈ 9324 Watts

Result: The three-phase AC power is approximately 9324W.